Long-term productivity growth and sustainability of Greek irrigated agriculture     

SM Fakhrul Islam  Mohd. Kamruzzaman 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):311-324

The present study examines the long-term productivity growth and sustainability of Greek irrigated agriculture. A log linear trend model was used to measure long-term productivity growth, and the total factor productivity (TFP) approach measures the sustainability of the irrigated production system. A time series database of inputs and outputs data were used for the production period of 1961?–?2001 (41 years) which revealed that there is an increasing trend in the irrigated area of the country. The annual growth rate of the irrigated area is 2.6% during this time period. The long-term trends in yields of crops grown in irrigated agriculture are positive. Fertilizer use rate per ha sharply increases during this period. The productivity of irrigated Greek agriculture also increases over the time period as a result of the introduction of High Yielding Variety (HYV), seed, fertilizer and water technology. The measurement of TFP indices indicates that the long-term trend in productivity growth of irrigated Greek agricultural system is positive. The result implies that the irrigated Greek agricultural production system has long-term sustainability. The result also indicates that fertilizer, fixed capital, rainfall and temperature are positively contributing to the mean production of Greek irrigated agriculture. On the other hand, pesticide, labour and fixed capital reduces variability of irrigated agriculture. To this end, long-term agricultural sustainability depends on patterns of input use.  相似文献   

Fertilizer use efficiency of drought-stressed oat (Avena sativa L.) following soil amendment with a water-saving superabsorbent polymer     

M. Robiul Islam  Changzhong Ren  Zhaohai Zeng  Pengfei Jia  Egrinya Eneji 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):721-729

Abstract

In arid and semiarid regions of northern China, there is an increasing interest in using reduced rates of chemical fertilizer along with water-saving superabsorbent polymer for field crop production. Field experiments were conducted during the year 2009 and 2010 to study the growth performance and yield characteristics of forage oat (Avena sativa L.) as well as soil moisture and nutrient status of the experimental field under different fertilizer (standard, 300; medium, 225; and low, 150 kg ha^?1) treatments with (60 kg ha^?1) or without application of superabsorbent polymer. Our results show that above-ground biomass accumulation fell by 14.8% under medium and 32.6% under low fertilizer levels whereas application of superabsorbent polymer increased it significantly by 39.7%. Similarly plant height, tiller fertility rate, grain yield, relative water content in the leaves as well as quality of forage also increased for superabsorbent polymer treatment. Considering the trends of growth reduction (qualitative and quantitative) due to fertilizer reduction and progressive influence of superabsorbent polymer on those parameters, it was clear that application of superabsorbent polymer plus only half the conventional fertilizer rate (150 kg ha^?1) would be a more appropriate practice for forage oat production under arid and semiarid conditions of northern China or in areas with similar ecologies.  相似文献   

Host preference and influence of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)     

Md. Touhidul Islam  Baoli Qiu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):320-325

Abstract

Three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties – ‘Dafeng’, ‘Beisite’, and ‘Baiyu’ – were used in this experiment to discover the least susceptible variety among them to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation. The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly based on two points of view. Initially, host preference and suitability of whitefly was investigated based on adult feeding, oviposition, and developmental time. Therefore, it was investigated based on growth responses of eggplant. The average developmental time was shortest for the cohort reared in ‘Dafeng’ (21.3 days), while the longest period (23.2 days) was recorded in ‘Baiyu’. In comparison with the control, less significant changes in the six growth parameters, viz. plant height (12.6%), leaf area (12.7%), dry matter (8.2%), absolute growth rate (26.0%), relative growth rate (25.0%), and net assimilation rate (22.2%) were found in ‘Baiyu’ infested by B. tabaci. Adult attraction and oviposition were reduced while developmental time was increased in ‘Baiyu’ compared with the other two varieties. In addition, the reduction percentages of all the six plant-growth parameters of ‘Baiyu’ were comparatively less than other two varieties to whitefly stress. Our research is focused on a shorter development time; higher feeding, oviposition, and the reduction percentage of plant growth indicate that a plant is a suitable host. In view of this, the present findings indicate that ‘Baiyu’ is less susceptible than the other two varieties, ‘Dafeng’ and ‘Beisite’, for whitefly infestation.  相似文献   

Response of Rice Seedlings to Copper Toxicity and Acidity     

T. Mahmood  K. R. Islam 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):943-957

Metal toxicity and soil acidity affect plant growth. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to simulate effects of pH and copper concentration [Cu] on early growth and biomass production of high-yielding rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘NIAB 6’). The rice seedlings were allowed to grow in Yoshida nutrient solution with 1 (control), 8, 16, and 32 μM Cu at buffered pH levels of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, respectively. Shoot and root growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and root lipid peroxidation and K⁺ leakage of 15-day-old rice seedlings were determined. Results show that [Cu] had significant adverse effects on rice seedlings. Shoot height and root length were reduced by 18%–60% and 7%–69%, respectively, compared with the control, and shoot and root weight decreased by 26%–56%, and 25%, respectively, in response to progressive increases in [Cu]. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 150%–245% compared with the control treatment. Rice seedling roots suffered from significant increases in lipid peroxidation followed by K⁺ leakage (> 8–23 times) in response to increasing [Cu]. Averaged across [Cu], seedling growth and biomass were greater at pH 5.5 than at other pH treatments. In some instances, increasing pH minimized the adverse effects of Cu at low concentrations on rice seedlings.  相似文献   

Effects of Zinc on Root Morphology and Antioxidant Adaptations of Cadmium-Treated Sedum alfredii H.     

Xiao-Fen Jin  Dan Liu  Ejazul Islam  Qaisar Mahmood  Xiao-E Yang  Zhen-Li He 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1642-1656

ABSTRACT

The study demonstrated S. alfredii is an excellent cadmium (Cd)/zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator as Cd and Zn concentrations in leaves reached 2,183 and 13,799 mg kg^?1 DW, respectively. There was a significant increase in root morphological parameters induced by 50 and 500 μM Zn supplement; however, a sharp decrease in these parameters occurred when treated with 100 μM Cd +1000 μM Zn. The inhibited root dehydrogenase activity in 100 μM Cd treated plants was restored to control levels when supplemented with 500 μM Zn. Moderate Zn supplement did not produce significant changes in (malondialdehyde) MDA concentrations as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Variations of the antioxidative enzymes proved an ineffective role in coping with metal-stress in S. alfredii. Combined Cd and Zn treatment significantly enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in leaves of S. alfredii, as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Thus, Zn may rely on the involvement of GSH in detoxification and tolerance.  相似文献   

QUARTZ PORPHYRY TREATMENT ALTERS IRRIGATION WATER CHEMISTRY,AFFECTING HYDROPONIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION     

M. Abul Kalam Azad  Naima Islam  Katsumi Ishikawa 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1712-1731

This study focused on using quartz porphyry (QP) as a water treatment to improve hydroponic production of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. nothovar; Japanese mustard spinach). We compared the chemistries of the control and QP-treated nutrient solutions and found that magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) concentrations increased linearly up to day 21 following sowing in both conditions, then declined slightly. The QP treatment reduced sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) concentrations for the whole cultivation period. In both the control and QP-treated solutions, nitrate (NO^? ₃) and sulfate (SO^2? ₄) showed the same trend to a daily increase. In spite of these similarities, however, komatsuna production was better with the QP-treated nutrient solution compared to control. Treatment with QP during cultivation in August–September reduced the harmful effects of Na⁺, chloride (Cl^?), nitrite (NO^? ₂), and SO^2? ₄ by reducing concentrations of these ions, possibly leading to decreased salinity and toxicity effects in the plants. Mineral concentrations during October–November differed from those of August/September, resulting in variation among the different growth parameters for komatsuna.  相似文献   

Adoption of leaf color chart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessment of a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal,India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zahirul Islam  Bhanudeb Bagchi  Mahabub Hossain 《Field Crops Research》2007

Unbalanced and excessive use of N-fertilizers causes environmental pollution, lodging of plants and increased pest pressure, in addition to increased cost to farmers from excessively applied fertilizers and pesticides. N application at the right time and in right amount is critical for healthy plant and environment. Rice leaf color intensity is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen status. The concept for the use of leaf color as an indicator to apply N in rice was crystallized during 1990s. The International Rice Research Institute and the Philippine Rice Research Institute developed a leaf color chart (LCC) that helps guide farmers for real-time nitrogen management in rice farming. The technology is inexpensive, and easily affordable by most resource poor rice farmers. In 2003 we initiated a farmer-participatory research to validate real-time N management in rice by the use of LCC in West Bengal state of India. After 3 years of validation research, a survey was conducted to assess the adoption and impact of LCC. The survey was conducted in both intervention and adjacent control villages and data were collected from 20% farm households selected randomly. In this paper, we report findings of the study on the determinants of adoption of LCC, and its effect on fertilizer and pesticides use.  相似文献   

小麦衰老相关基因TaSAG39的生物信息学及表达模式分析     

孙丽丽  晋秀娟  赵锴  Md Ashraful Islam  卢娟  王曙光  孙黛珍 《华北农学报》2022,37(2):18-27

半胱氨酸蛋白酶是蛋白质降解过程中的一类水解酶,参与植物的衰老与成熟,在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用。基于前期得到的小麦衰老阶段转录组数据中筛选到一个衰老特异的半胱氨酸蛋白酶(SAG39),为了研究TaSAG39基因在小麦衰老过程中发挥的作用,采用生物信息学分析方法和实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)技术对TaSAG39的基因结构和表达模式进行分析。结果表明,其氨基酸序列与小麦祖先种节节麦、野生二粒小麦以及硬粒小麦亲缘关系最近,含有木瓜蛋白酶亚家族特有的活性位点Cys-His-Asn以及EFNIN结构。TaSAG39-5A、TaSAG39-5B、TaSAG39-5D基因组全长分别为1 455,1 435,1 439 bp,编码序列长分别为1 041,1 050,1 038 bp,均含2个外显子和1个内含子;其编码的蛋白分别由346,349,345个氨基酸组成,分子质量约37 ku,等电点5.53～5.67,为稳定的带负电的亲水性蛋白;主要构成元件为无规则卷曲和α-螺旋,在蛋白质N段含有信号肽,具有保守的Inhibitor＿I29和Peptidase＿C1结构域,含有35～37个磷酸化位点,...  相似文献   

Responses of CO2 and N2O emissions from soil-plant systems to simulated warming and acid rain in cropland     

Wang  Yuanyuan  Hu  Zhenghua  Liu  Chao  Islam  A. R. M. Towfiqul  Chen  Shutao  Zhang  Xuesong  Zhou  Yinping 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2021,21(2):1109-1126

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Climate warming is anticipated to change the terrestrial carbon/nitrogen cycle through its impact on the fluxes of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and N2O. This study...  相似文献   

Evaluation of management principles and performance of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.A. Latif  M.Y. Ali  M.R. Islam  M.A. Badshah  M.S. Hasan 《Field Crops Research》2009,114(2):255-262

Experiments were conducted at irrigated and rainfed lowland rice sites in Bangladesh to assess the performance of management practices that have become known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). At a research station, SRI management principles such as seedling age, plant spacing, application of organic manure, seedling densities, duration of planting, planting shape and time of planting were evaluated under SRI management as compared to previously established Best Management Practices (BMPs). In on-farm trials, SRI was compared with BMP on 40 farmers’ fields. Nutrient inputs and water management in BMP and SRI treatments were kept at comparable levels. Seedling age, ranging from just sprouted seed to 40-day-old seedlings, had no effect on grain yield in the winter season. In a plant spacing experiment subject to SRI, the highest and lowest grain yields of 7.82 and 5.41 t ha⁻¹ were obtained with spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm (narrow) and 40 cm × 40 cm (wide), respectively. In SRI, seedling density (1–2 seedlings per hill), planting durations (≤15 min to 1–3 h after uprooting) or root placement (L-shape and J-shape) had no effect on grain yield. With regard to time of planting, the highest grain yields were observed with transplanting in the 3rd week of December, with no difference between SRI and BMP management systems. In on-farm trials, BMP gave significantly higher grain yield compared to SRI and farmers’ practice in a triple-cropped area, but grain yields were similar with SRI in a double and single-cropped area when spacing was narrow. The highest profit was obtained with BMP followed by SRI and farmers’ practice in the single-cropping area. Major findings from this study are that under comparable levels of net nutrient input and water management (i) well-implemented BMPs for rice are more efficient for producing high yields than SRI and (ii) there is no intrinsic yield advantage of SRI that could be caused by its individual crop management techniques or some unknown synergism of the different SRI practices proposed.  相似文献